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Echinoderms are an exclusively marine and benthic group of animals. They are free-living animals, except for some crinoids that live fixed (sessile) to rocks. This phylum emerged in the Cambrian period and contains around 7 thousand living and 13 thousand extinct species. Phylogeny (study of kinship) is based on the class level assuming that each of them is a monophyletic group and currently the classification is based on the morphology of adults. They are: Crinoidea (crinoids), Asteroidea (stars), Ophiuroidea (ophiuros or sea snakes), Echinoidea (urchins and beach biscuits) and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers). Crinoidea is the most primitive group and the Echinoidea and Holothuroidea are sister groups. The Cystoidea are a completely extinct group. Let's get to know some extinct echinoderms.

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